C1: Precision and Expression

1

I can explain how simple, continuous and perfect forms change the focus of a message. I can distinguish temporary behaviour from a state or general characteristic.

2

I can use reporting passives with accurate time relationships. I can form passive infinitives and gerunds when the subject receives an action.

3

I can distinguish deductions from obligations and possibilities. I can use perfect and continuous modal forms to make the time of a deduction clear.

4

I can use inversion after negative and restrictive opening phrases. I can identify which clause needs an inverted auxiliary.

5

I can replace if with conditional inversion using had, were and should. I can preserve time and meaning when rewriting a conditional.

6

I can use it-clefts to highlight one part of a message. I can use what-clefts to foreground a need, thing or action.

7

I can front an object or complement to create a contrast. I can use emphatic do without changing tense or adding inversion unnecessarily.

8

I can connect related actions using present, past and perfect participle clauses. I can make the understood subject of an opening participle clause clear.

9

I can avoid repetition with auxiliary ellipsis and do so. I can use so and not while keeping the reference clear.

10

I can identify the head of an expanded noun phrase. I can use modifiers and possessives while keeping agreement and meaning clear.

11

I can turn a process into a noun phrase while preserving its meaning. I can choose between a nominalised form and a clearer verb-based sentence.

12

I can connect contrasting ideas with accurate clause and phrase patterns. I can express concession with much as, however and no matter without changing the intended relationship.