B2 · Lesson 32 · 25 min
Precise quantity and comparison
In this lesson
- I can express whether a small quantity is sufficient or disappointing.
- I can choose agreement and modifiers that make comparisons precise.
Grammar in context
We have a few spare chairs, so every visitor can sit down. There is little space near the entrance, though. The new room is much brighter than the old one, but it is not quite large enough for our biggest events.
Which small quantity is presented positively, which is limited, and where does enough appear?
Choose a quantity and a viewpoint
Few and a few are used with plural countable nouns; little and a little are used with uncountable nouns. Without a, few and little often emphasise scarcity. With a, a few and a little emphasise that some quantity exists. The actual amount may be similar, but the speaker’s perspective changes. Use the surrounding message to make the intended judgement clear.
- We have a little time, so we can discuss one question.
- We have little time, so we must leave immediately.
Distribute over people or things
Each and every normally take a singular countable noun and a singular verb in the patterns taught here. Each often directs attention to individuals; every considers all members of a group. Either of two options can mean one or the other; neither rejects both. With either of or neither of, singular agreement is the careful formal choice practised here, although plural agreement is also used, especially informally.
- Every applicant receives a reply.
- In this formal report: Neither of the two routes is suitable.
Modify comparisons and sufficiency
Much, far and a little can modify comparatives: much cheaper, a little longer. Very normally modifies an ordinary adjective rather than a comparative: very cheap, not very cheaper. Too signals more than is suitable for a purpose; enough signals sufficiency. Enough follows an adjective but comes before a noun. State the purpose where necessary so that the judgement is understandable.
- The shelf is too high for me to reach.
- The room is warm enough, and we have enough blankets.
Common mistakes
Compare the incorrect and corrected forms.
Avoid
The second route is very shorter.
Use
The second route is much shorter.
Use a comparative modifier such as much rather than very.
Avoid
We have chairs enough for everyone.
Use
We have enough chairs for everyone.
Before a noun, the neutral pattern is enough chairs.
Put it into practice
Try the exercises, write your own examples and check your understanding.