Equivalent Ways to Hedge a Claim

Study the questions and tasks

Work through the material below, or start the interactive practice above to complete an attempt. Try the exercises before opening any answer or transcript sections, then use them to review your work.

Practice level

C1. Try this level if you can follow the instructions and understand most of the language; choose an earlier level if you need more support.

Question formats

Multiple choice

How to approach this practice

Read the complete context. Check both the meaning and the grammar, including word forms, collocations and links between sentences.

1. Question 1 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. The findings suggest, but do not prove, that the measure helps.

   1. The findings conclusively establish that the measure helps.
   2. The findings provide tentative support for the measure.
   3. The measure may help, according to the findings.
   4. The findings rule out any benefit from the measure.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   The findings provide tentative support for the measure.; The measure may help, according to the findings.

   Both correct options preserve tentative support without claiming proof or rejection.

2. Question 2 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. The effect appears limited to the conditions tested.

   1. The effect necessarily occurs under all conditions.
   2. The effect has been disproved in the tested conditions.
   3. The evidence does not establish the effect beyond the tested conditions.
   4. The effect seems confined to the tested conditions.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   The evidence does not establish the effect beyond the tested conditions.; The effect seems confined to the tested conditions.

   The limited claim permits neither universal generalisation nor rejection in the tested setting.

3. Question 3 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. Some participants may have benefited.

   1. A benefit for at least some participants cannot be ruled out.
   2. It is possible that some participants benefited.
   3. No participant could possibly have benefited.
   4. Every participant certainly benefited.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   A benefit for at least some participants cannot be ruled out.; It is possible that some participants benefited.

   May marks possibility about a subset, not certainty about all or none.

4. Question 4 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. The result is compatible with the theory, without uniquely supporting it.

   1. The result proves that only this theory is correct.
   2. The result fits the theory but could fit other explanations.
   3. The result is incompatible with the theory.
   4. The result does not contradict the theory, though it is not decisive evidence for it.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   The result fits the theory but could fit other explanations.; The result does not contradict the theory, though it is not decisive evidence for it.

   Compatibility does not establish exclusivity or proof.

5. Question 5 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. There is insufficient evidence to dismiss the objection.

   1. The objection has been conclusively proved correct.
   2. The objection has been conclusively disproved.
   3. The available evidence falls short of justifying dismissal of the objection.
   4. The objection cannot be rejected on the evidence available.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   The available evidence falls short of justifying dismissal of the objection.; The objection cannot be rejected on the evidence available.

   Lack of grounds for dismissal is weaker than proof of the objection.

6. Question 6 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. The change may have contributed to the improvement.

   1. The change could have been one factor in the improvement.
   2. The change was certainly the sole cause.
   3. The change could not have played any role.
   4. A contribution from the change remains possible.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   The change could have been one factor in the improvement.; A contribution from the change remains possible.

   Contribution allows multiple causes and uncertainty.

7. Question 7 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. The conclusion is provisional pending further checks.

   1. The conclusion may be revised after further checks.
   2. Further checks have already proved the conclusion false.
   3. The conclusion is tentative until further checks are complete.
   4. The conclusion is final regardless of any checks.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   The conclusion may be revised after further checks.; The conclusion is tentative until further checks are complete.

   Provisional means open to revision while checks are outstanding.

8. Question 8 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. The pattern is not necessarily evidence of deliberate action.

   1. The pattern need not indicate deliberate action.
   2. The pattern proves that action was accidental.
   3. The pattern proves deliberate action in every case.
   4. Deliberate action is not the only possible explanation of the pattern.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   The pattern need not indicate deliberate action.; Deliberate action is not the only possible explanation of the pattern.

   Not necessarily denies an obligatory inference without establishing the opposite.

9. Question 9 · Multiple choice

   Choose all the correct answers.

   Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. The estimate is broadly accurate, subject to a small margin of error.

   1. The estimate is wholly unreliable.
   2. The estimate is approximately correct, allowing for a small error.
   3. The estimate is exact and admits no error.
   4. A small error does not undermine the estimate's overall accuracy.
   Check answers and explanations

   Answer

   The estimate is approximately correct, allowing for a small error.; A small error does not undermine the estimate's overall accuracy.

   Broad accuracy permits small deviations, unlike exactness or wholesale rejection.

10. Question 10 · Multiple choice

    Choose all the correct answers.

    Choose TWO correct statements based on the information given. The evidence supports a narrower claim than the article makes.

    1. The evidence proves every aspect of the article's claim.
    2. The article is more cautious than the evidence warrants.
    3. The article's claim goes beyond the support available.
    4. The article overstates what the evidence establishes.
    Check answers and explanations

    Answer

    The article's claim goes beyond the support available.; The article overstates what the evidence establishes.

    Both correct options identify overreach relative to the evidence.

What to review next

Explain why each answer fits the meaning and structure. Record useful phrases and write a new example using each pattern you found difficult.

A focused practice result shows how you did on these tasks. Use several activities across skills to decide what to study next; one practice score does not certify an overall CEFR level.