Concessions and Qualified Conclusions

Study the questions and tasks

Work through the material below, or start the interactive practice above to complete an attempt. Try the exercises before opening any answer or transcript sections, then use them to review your work.

Practice level

C1. Try this level if you can follow the instructions and understand most of the language; choose an earlier level if you need more support.

Question formats

Matching

How to approach this practice

Read the complete context. Check both the meaning and the grammar, including word forms, collocations and links between sentences.

1. Question 1 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Evaluating a small study.

   Answer choices

   • broader generalisation might be justified.
   • the observed pattern warrants further study.
   • it cannot directly establish outcomes for that group.

   Items

   • Although the sample is limited,
   • If the sample were representative,
   • Because the sample excludes older adults,
   Check answers and explanations

   1. Although the sample is limited,

   the observed pattern warrants further study.

   2. If the sample were representative,

   broader generalisation might be justified.

   3. Because the sample excludes older adults,

   it cannot directly establish outcomes for that group.

   The endings mark concession, hypothesis and an explicit population limitation.

2. Question 2 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Responding to an objection.

   Answer choices

   • if that assumption were shown to be false.
   • as it identifies an untested assumption.
   • that the whole proposal must be abandoned.

   Items

   • The objection has merit insofar
   • The objection would be decisive only
   • The objection does not in itself entail
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The objection has merit insofar

   as it identifies an untested assumption.

   2. The objection would be decisive only

   if that assumption were shown to be false.

   3. The objection does not in itself entail

   that the whole proposal must be abandoned.

   Insofar as, only if and entail that require different forms and claim strengths.

3. Question 3 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Interpreting a result.

   Answer choices

   • to proof of no effect.
   • with the strength of the available evidence.
   • with an effect too small for this sample to detect.

   Items

   • A lack of significance is not equivalent
   • The uncertainty is consistent
   • The conclusion should be commensurate
   Check answers and explanations

   1. A lack of significance is not equivalent

   to proof of no effect.

   2. The uncertainty is consistent

   with an effect too small for this sample to detect.

   3. The conclusion should be commensurate

   with the strength of the available evidence.

   The complements distinguish equivalence, compatibility and proportionality.

4. Question 4 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Discussing a compromise.

   Answer choices

   • no agreement would have been reached.
   • on the promised review taking place.
   • both secured their main priority.

   Items

   • While neither side obtained everything,
   • Had either side refused to compromise,
   • The agreement remains conditional
   Check answers and explanations

   1. While neither side obtained everything,

   both secured their main priority.

   2. Had either side refused to compromise,

   no agreement would have been reached.

   3. The agreement remains conditional

   on the promised review taking place.

   Concession, past counterfactual and present condition have different endings.

5. Question 5 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Assessing a policy.

   Answer choices

   • eliminating them entirely.
   • of the newly documented harm.
   • that its benefits continue to exceed its costs.

   Items

   • The measure may reduce delays without
   • The measure should be retained provided
   • The measure merits reconsideration in light
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The measure may reduce delays without

   eliminating them entirely.

   2. The measure should be retained provided

   that its benefits continue to exceed its costs.

   3. The measure merits reconsideration in light

   of the newly documented harm.

   Without takes ing, provided that a clause and in light of a noun phrase.

6. Question 6 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Limiting an interpretation.

   Answer choices

   • that every individual improved.
   • evidence from a wider range of settings.
   • as the tested conditions allow.

   Items

   • The claim extends only as far
   • It should not be read as implying
   • A stronger claim would require
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The claim extends only as far

   as the tested conditions allow.

   2. It should not be read as implying

   that every individual improved.

   3. A stronger claim would require

   evidence from a wider range of settings.

   The forms mark scope, a rejected implication and evidence for extension.

7. Question 7 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Evaluating a forecast.

   Answer choices

   • that it identifies the main sources of risk.
   • the model will reproduce the same bias.
   • some uncertainty will remain.

   Items

   • However carefully the estimate is made,
   • Unless the assumptions are revised,
   • The estimate is useful to the extent
   Check answers and explanations

   1. However carefully the estimate is made,

   some uncertainty will remain.

   2. Unless the assumptions are revised,

   the model will reproduce the same bias.

   3. The estimate is useful to the extent

   that it identifies the main sources of risk.

   The endings complete an unconditional concession, an exception and a limited-validity construction.

8. Question 8 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Reviewing a decision.

   Answer choices

   • for a review of the checking process.
   • between negligence and unavoidable uncertainty.
   • to admitting deliberate misconduct.

   Items

   • Acknowledging the error does not amount
   • The error calls
   • A fair response should distinguish
   Check answers and explanations

   1. Acknowledging the error does not amount

   to admitting deliberate misconduct.

   2. The error calls

   for a review of the checking process.

   3. A fair response should distinguish

   between negligence and unavoidable uncertainty.

   Amount to, call for and distinguish between require separate complements.

What to review next

Explain why each answer fits the meaning and structure. Record useful phrases and write a new example using each pattern you found difficult.

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