Claims and Appropriate Qualifications

Study the questions and tasks

Work through the material below, or start the interactive practice above to complete an attempt. Try the exercises before opening any answer or transcript sections, then use them to review your work.

Practice level

B2. Try this level if you can follow the instructions and understand most of the language; choose an earlier level if you need more support.

Question formats

Matching

How to approach this practice

Read the complete context. Check both the meaning and the grammar, including word forms, collocations and links between sentences.

1. Question 1 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. A survey with a small sample.

   Answer choices

   • establish whether the pattern is widespread.
   • only to the people surveyed.
   • rather than conclusive.

   Items

   • The results are suggestive
   • The findings apply directly
   • A larger sample would help
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The results are suggestive

   rather than conclusive.

   2. The findings apply directly

   only to the people surveyed.

   3. A larger sample would help

   establish whether the pattern is widespread.

   The endings distinguish evidential strength, population limits and the purpose of more data.

2. Question 2 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. A change followed by improved sales.

   Answer choices

   • stronger evidence of a causal effect.
   • for part of the increase.
   • that the change caused the improvement.

   Items

   • The timing alone does not prove
   • Other factors may account
   • A controlled comparison could provide
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The timing alone does not prove

   that the change caused the improvement.

   2. Other factors may account

   for part of the increase.

   3. A controlled comparison could provide

   stronger evidence of a causal effect.

   Prove that, account for and provide evidence select different complements.

3. Question 3 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. A promising early trial.

   Answer choices

   • to be effective in these conditions.
   • with the proposed explanation.
   • what the available data can establish.

   Items

   • The treatment appears
   • The early result is consistent
   • The claim goes beyond
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The treatment appears

   to be effective in these conditions.

   2. The early result is consistent

   with the proposed explanation.

   3. The claim goes beyond

   what the available data can establish.

   Appear to, consistent with and beyond what control the matches.

4. Question 4 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. A partial policy success.

   Answer choices

   • to the routes that were upgraded.
   • without eliminating them entirely.
   • on whether the gains justify the cost.

   Items

   • The measure reduced delays
   • The benefit was confined
   • The overall assessment depends
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The measure reduced delays

   without eliminating them entirely.

   2. The benefit was confined

   to the routes that were upgraded.

   3. The overall assessment depends

   on whether the gains justify the cost.

   The endings mark partial extent, restricted coverage and a conditional judgement.

5. Question 5 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. An uncertain forecast.

   Answer choices

   • on assumptions about future demand.
   • uncertainty rather than measurement error alone.
   • to revision when new data arrives.

   Items

   • The prediction rests
   • The estimate is subject
   • The range reflects
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The prediction rests

   on assumptions about future demand.

   2. The estimate is subject

   to revision when new data arrives.

   3. The range reflects

   uncertainty rather than measurement error alone.

   Rest on, subject to and reflect require different complements.

6. Question 6 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. Two competing explanations.

   Answer choices

   • to an unmeasured factor.
   • to the first explanation.
   • out as a possibility.

   Items

   • The evidence lends support
   • The second cannot yet be ruled
   • The difference may be due
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The evidence lends support

   to the first explanation.

   2. The second cannot yet be ruled

   out as a possibility.

   3. The difference may be due

   to an unmeasured factor.

   Support to, rule out and due to distinguish the claims.

7. Question 7 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. A claim about all learners.

   Answer choices

   • that every individual benefited.
   • but others showed no change.
   • generalising to all learners.

   Items

   • Some participants improved
   • An average increase does not mean
   • A more cautious conclusion would avoid
   Check answers and explanations

   1. Some participants improved

   but others showed no change.

   2. An average increase does not mean

   that every individual benefited.

   3. A more cautious conclusion would avoid

   generalising to all learners.

   Contrast, a that-clause and avoid doing give distinct endings.

8. Question 8 · Matching

   Match each item to the correct choice.

   Match each beginning to its only suitable ending. A report based on interviews.

   Answer choices

   • to check the dates more reliably.
   • on what interviewees remembered.
   • by events that happened later.

   Items

   • The account is based
   • The recollections may have been affected
   • Independent records would make it possible
   Check answers and explanations

   1. The account is based

   on what interviewees remembered.

   2. The recollections may have been affected

   by events that happened later.

   3. Independent records would make it possible

   to check the dates more reliably.

   Based on, affected by and possible to select different structures.

What to review next

Explain why each answer fits the meaning and structure. Record useful phrases and write a new example using each pattern you found difficult.

A focused practice result shows how you did on these tasks. Use several activities across skills to decide what to study next; one practice score does not certify an overall CEFR level.